Ok, so you want to start ranging but don't know where to train? Well maybe I can help you. If you follow my guide it should help you with your ranging.
Bows/Arrows
With the many different bows and arrows out there, I will tell you the bows' power from least to greatest.
The regular short bows and longbows are the weakest bows. They can shoot ammo up to iron and give a +8 Range bonus.
The Oak short bows and longbows are stronger then the regular short bow and longbows. They can shoot ammo up to steel and give a +14 Range bonus.
The Willow short bows and longbows are stronger then the Oak bows. They can shoot ammo up to mithril and give a +20 Range bonus.4. The strongest short bows and longbows in F2P are the Maple bows. They can shoot ammo up to adamant and give a +29 Range bonus.
As the same with the bows I will tell you the power of the arrows from least to greatest.
- Bronze Arrows
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Iron Arrows
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Steel Arrows
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Mithril Arrows
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Adamant Arrows
With there being different lengths of bows (short and long), I will tell you the different strengths and weaknesses of them.
The Longbow is considered stronger than the short bows due to the length of them. They can shoot enemies from farther away then the short bows.
The only side effect is that short bows can fire arrows faster then longbows.
The Short bow is what I prefer due to its faster arrow shooting then the longbow. The weaknesses of the short bow are that they can not shoot farther then the longbows and they are quite less powerful.
Crossbows/Bolts
There are only 2 crossbows available for F2P (correct me if I am wrong). The two Crossbows that are available are the Phoenix Crossbow and the Crossbow. The Phoenix Crossbow and regular Crossbow are the same giving both +6 in range bonus. I don't see many people using Crossbows that often in F2P but if you want to use them, you can buy the Crossbow from Lowe's store in Varrock or from other players and for the Phoenix Crossbow you must either complete the quest, The Shield Of Arrav or just buy from another player.
The only types of bolts you can use for F2P are Bolts. You can buy these from Lowe's Store in Varrock, from other players or even get some from monster drops.
Armour
There are 3 different types or armour you can wear for F2P. They are Leather, Hard Leather, Studded Leather, and Green Dragon Hide.
Leather is the first kind of armour you can wear. Leather armour is the least expensive and also doesn't give you a good Range bonus. These are the different kinds of leather that you can wear. With full leather with a leather cowl and vambraces you can receive a full Range bonus of +11. To get leather armour you can either make them yourself with high enough crafting or buy them from other players.
Studded Leather is more powerful than regular leather due to the steel studs placed into it. It gives a good enough Range bonus but for a Studded Body you need a Range level of 20 and a level of 20 defense and to be able to wear Studded Chaps you only need a Range level of 20. But if you're going to wear a Hard Leather body you only need a Range level of 10.
Also it doesn't matters which one you would like to wear because Hard Leather bodies and Studded Bodies both give a range bonus +8, so it all depends on which one you like the best. If you wear Full Studded Leather armour with leather vambraces and a Coif (not the same as a cowl), you receive a Range bonus of +45!
Finally, Green Dragon-Hide armour, the most powerful F2P ranging armour in the game. To be able to wear Full Green Dragon-Hide armour you must have completed the Dragon Slayer quest and also have a Range level of 40+.
The ways of obtaining this powerful armour is to venture into the wilderness and kill Green Dragons for their hides then tan them and then finally craft them with high enough crafting, buy them from other players, or buy from Ozaic and Scavvo. The Green Dragon Hide Body can be purchased form Ozaic in Edgeville for around 10k.
To purchase Dragon Dragon Hide Chaps and Vambraces, you must go to the Champion's Guild climb the steps to the 2nd floor and trade Scavvo. Green Dragon Hide Chaps can be bought there for 4k and the Vambraces can also be bought there for 2.5k. When wearing Full Green Dragon Hide with a Coif you can receive a Range bonus of +66!